No country has ever experienced as large or as fast an increase in solid waste quantities that China is now facing. China recently surpassed the United States as the world’s largest municipal solid waste (MSW) generator.
In 2004 the urban areas of China generated about 190,000,000 tons of MSW and by 2030 this amount is projected to be at least 480,000,000 tons. Management of this waste has enormous domestic and international implications. This report presents waste quantity estimates, that are considered to be sufficiently credible for national planning and resource allocation purposes.
This May 2005 report intends to contribute to the municipal solid waste dialogue in China. The report provides a general sector background and presents the World Bank’s current understanding. Detailed recommendations are made.1 The report was prepared using assessments prepared in 2002 and a review of the Asian Development Bank’s comprehensive report, completed in 2001, entitled “Strengthening Urban Solid Waste Management: National SWM Strategy (TA3447-PRC)” and compendium report “Public Private Partnerships in Waste Management.” Field visits and project reviews were also carried out by Bank staff.
 Executive Summary (160kb pdf)
Full Report (2.3mb pdf)
1. This report does not address the key areas of hazardous waste, medical waste, sewage sludge, or waste pickers. Recommendations for follow on work in these areas are made.
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