|  | Law & Justice
Since the end of the New Order era, Indonesia has undertaken significant institutional and legal reforms aimed at creating a justice sector capable of delivering accountable government and a more equitable distribution of power and resources. The establishment of judicial independence through the so-called “one roof law”, introduction of the judicial review of legislation through the Constitutional Court and the establishment of multiple specialist courts and oversight Commissions for the judiciary, prosecutors and police, represents change on a significant scale. |  Law & Justice in Indonesia
| | |  | Education
The Indonesian school system is immense and diverse. With over 50 million students and 2.6 million teachers in more than 250,000 schools, it is the third largest education system in the Asia region and the fourth largest in the world (behind only China, India and the United States). | Education in Indonesia | |
|  | Environment
Rapid economic growth over the last three decades has improved the quality of life and provision of basic services to most Indonesians. However, a number of environmental problems are threatening the country's environmental sustainability, foremost among them being a rapid and generally unsustainable rate of natural resource exploitation. Areas of particular concern include forests and fisheries. | | Environment in Indonesia | |
|  | Gender
Significant progress has been made towards achieving gender balance in a number of key areas.There has been a steady and impressive improvement in women’s relative educational position over time. For those currently under-20 there is very little gender differential. Slightly more girls than boys are enrolled in primary and lower secondary school. Only at upper secondary and tertiary levels are more boys being educated than girls. | | Gender Programs in Indonesia | |
|  | Health
Health outcomes have significantly improved in Indonesia since the 1960s. The child mortality rate has declined from 220 per 1,000 live births in 1960 to 45 per 1,000 live births in 2007. Preliminary results from the 2007 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) show a significant decrease in the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR). Likewise, nutrition status has shown steady progress from 38 percent in 1990 to 25 percent in 2000. These factors have contributed to improvement in life expectancy from 43 in the 70’s to 70.5 in 2008 | | Health in Indonesia | |
|  | Eastern Indonesia Development
Eastern Indonesia (Papua, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi) is known as a region rich in natural resources, but also as one facing severe development challenges in improving the investment climate, improving public services quality, and strengthening governance. Geographic isolation and limited access to quality knowledge is a challenge for governments and forward-thinking individuals who wish to learn from each other and work together, making it difficult to create effective cooperation between individuals and between regions to achieve development goals. | | Eastern Indonesia Development | | | | 
| Community Driven Development
The National Program for Community Empowerment (PNPM Mandiri) is a national program that is at the heart of the Government of Indonesia's effort to reduce poverty. It was launched officially in 2007 and scaled up dramatically existing initiatives. PNPM Rural which began in 1998 as Kecamatan Development Program (KDP), and PNPM Urban begun in 1999 as the Urban Poverty Program (UPP), are the two largest components of the program. The objective of the program is to improve the economic and social welfare of the poor and expand their employment opportunities through community consultation, empowerment, and capacity building at the local level. | | Community Driven Development in Indonesia | | |  | Conflict & Development
Indonesia's 1998 post-authoritarian transition was accompanied by an upsurge of violent conflict. Reforms to democratize and decentralize the Indonesian state led to new struggles over power, identity and resources. Old tensions, previously suppressed by force, emerged. In the absence of effective mechanisms and institutional structures to manage conflicts, in many places they escalated into violencevelopment spending fell sharply. | | Conflict & Development in Indonesia | | |  | Public Expenditure
In the decade since the Asian financial crisis, which caused a major upheaval in Indonesia and brought down the Suharto government in May 1998, the country’s public finances have undergone a transformation. The financial crisis caused a huge economic contraction and a reorientation of public spending. Not surprisingly, government debt and spending on subsidies increased dramatically, while development spending fell sharply. | | Public Expenditure in Indonesia | |
|  | Reconstruction & Tsunami
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused massive devastation in Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India and Bangladesh, as well as other Asian and East African countries, killing more than 150,000 people in the region. The Aceh province in Indonesia was worst hit and what followed was an amazing outpouring of compassion and generosity from around the world. Entire villages needed to be reconstructed, and US$6 billion has been allocated towards rebuilding communities and livelihoods. | | Tsunami & Reconstruction in Indonesia | |
|  | Rural Development
Indonesian agriculture supports the livelihood of millions of Indonesians. Three out of five Indonesians still live in rural areas and farming is their main occupation. While Indonesian agriculture has performed well historically and contributed to significant growth with increased employment and reduction of poverty, productivity gains of most crops have now slowed down significantly and the majority of farmers operate in less than one-half hectare today. | | Rural Development and Agriculture in Indonesia | |
|  | Transport
All transport modes play a role in Indonesia's transport system and are generally complementary rather than competitive. Road transport is the predominant mode, accounting for about 70 percent of freight ton-km and 82 percent of passenger km. | | Transport in Indonesia | |
|  | Poverty
Indonesia has made progress in reducing poverty but many people remain poor and vulnerable. Sustained economic growth has helped more Indonesians escape poverty by creating more jobs and increasing public expenditures for health, education and infrastructure. Since the 2004 national elections, the poverty headcount has fallen from 16.7 percent to 14.15 percent (2009). | | World Bank & Poverty in Indonesia | | |
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