Development Topics

Detailed information on specific topic areas of the World Bank's work in Indonesia, along with links to projects and reports can be found at the following links.

Law & Justice Since the end of the New Order era, Indonesia has undertaken significant institutional and legal reforms aimed at creating a justice sector capable of delivering accountable government and a more equitable distribution of power and resources. The establishment of judicial independence through the so-called “one roof law”, introduction of the judicial review of legislation through the Constitutional Court and the establishment of multiple specialist courts and oversight Commissions for the judiciary, prosecutors and police, represents change on a significant scale. Law & Justice in Indonesia Education The Indonesian school system is immense and diverse. With over 50 million students and 2.6 million teachers in more than 250,000 schools, it is the third largest education system in the Asia region and the fourth largest in the world (behind only China, India and the United States). Education in Indonesia Education in East Asia and Pacific Education Projects Environment Rapid economic growth over the last three decades has improved the quality of life and provision of basic services to most Indonesians. However, a number of environmental problems are threatening the country's environmental sustainability, foremost among them being a rapid and generally unsustainable rate of natural resource exploitation. Areas of particular concern include forests and fisheries. Environment in Indonesia Environment in East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Environment Monitor 2003: Reducing Pollution Environment Project. Finance & Private Sector Development Indonesia's banking sector stability and rising trade are boosting growth yet challenges remain. Finance & Private Sector in Indonesia Gender Significant progress has been made towards achieving gender balance in a number of key areas.There has been a steady and impressive improvement in women’s relative educational position over time. For those currently under-20 there is very little gender differential. Slightly more girls than boys are enrolled in primary and lower secondary school. Only at upper secondary and tertiary levels are more boys being educated than girls. Gender Programs in Indonesia Gender Program in East Asia and Pacific Gender Equality in East Asia and Pacific Health Health outcomes have significantly improved in Indonesia since the 1960s. The child mortality rate has declined from 220 per 1,000 live births in 1960 to 45 per 1,000 live births in 2007. Preliminary results from the 2007 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) show a significant decrease in the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR). Likewise, nutrition status has shown steady progress from 38 percent in 1990 to 25 percent in 2000. These factors have contributed to improvement in life expectancy from 43 in the 70’s to 70.5 in 2008 Health in Indonesia	Public Expenditure In the decade since the Asian financial crisis, which caused a major upheaval in Indonesia and brought down the Suharto government in May 1998, the country’s public finances have undergone a transformation. The financial crisis caused a huge economic contraction and a reorientation of public spending. Not surprisingly, government debt and spending on subsidies increased dramatically, while development spending fell sharply. Public Expenditure in Indonesia Reconstruction & Tsunami The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused massive devastation in Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India and Bangladesh, as well as other Asian and East African countries, killing more than 150,000 people in the region. The Aceh province in Indonesia was worst hit and what followed was an amazing outpouring of compassion and generosity from around the world. Entire villages needed to be reconstructed, and US$6 billion has been allocated towards rebuilding communities and livelihoods. Tsunami & Reconstruction in Indonesia Rural Development Indonesian agriculture supports the livelihood of millions of Indonesians. Three out of five Indonesians still live in rural areas and farming is their main occupation. While Indonesian agriculture has performed well historically and contributed to significant growth with increased employment and reduction of poverty, productivity gains of most crops have now slowed down significantly and the majority of farmers operate in less than one-half hectare today. Rural Development and Agriculture in Indonesia Rural Development and Agriculture Projects Rural Development and Agriculture in East Asia and Pacific Transport All transport modes play a role in Indonesia's transport system and are generally complementary rather than competitive. Road transport is the predominant mode, accounting for about 70 percent of freight ton-km and 82 percent of passenger km. Transport in Indonesia Transport Projects Transport in East Asia and Pacific Poverty The Indonesia Poverty Analysis Program (INDOPOV) is a comprehensive project of analytical work and policy dialogue funded by DFID and based at the World Bank office, Jakarta.From 2004-2006, the INDOPOV analytical agenda included: analysis of basic poverty statistics; linkages between trade; the investment climate and poverty; service delivery for the poor evaluations of the impact of anti-poverty projects; and the design of conditional cash transfer mechanisms for social protection. Indonesia Poverty Analysis Program
Also see: Main World Bank Development Topics Website