Overview | Key Principles | Coverage

Overview

The Kecamatan Development Program (KDP) is a national Government of Indonesia program, implemented by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Community Development Office aimed at alleviating poverty, strengthening local government and community institutions, and improving local governance. KDP began in 1998 at a time of tremendous political upheaval and financial crisis. Currently, KDP is in its third phase, and is expected to run until 2009.

The program is funded through government budget allocations, donor grants, and loans from the World Bank. It provides block grants of approximately Rp. 500 million to 1.5 billion (approximately US$50,000 to US$150,000) to sub-districts (kecamatan) depending upon population size. Villagers engage in a participatory planning and decision-making process to allocate those resources for their self-defined development needs and priorities. KDP focuses on Indonesia’s poorest rural communities.

In August 2006 the Government of Indonesia (GOI) launched the National Program for Community Empowerment or Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM), a nationwide community development program aimed at eliminating poverty .PNPM will provide an single framework for all community-driven development programs in Indonesia, and will gradually consolidate scattered and often overlapping programs in diferent sectors. It will create a unified design for program delivery, better national targeting of the poorest, the direct transfer of funds to villages, and increased allocations for block grants.

KDP together with its urban sister, the Urban Poverty Project (UPP), are the foundation for the national program incorporating years of successful experience with the community driven development approach. Linked to these projects are an increasing number of sectoral programs that provide specialized inputs to improve the delivery of services to the poor.Local governments will also be expected to integrate education, health, and agricultural service provision into the PNPM program.

KDP3 provided USD123M of additional funding in 2006 to bridge a funding gap in the first year of PNPM in 2007. By 2008, KDP is formally become PNPM-Rural and UPP become PNPM-Urban. Coverage of PNPM will be nationwide by 2009, covering all 363 districts, 4.290 sub-districts and 59.166 villages or about 140 million people.

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Key Principles

• Participation/Inclusion. Community participation is emphasized, especially among the poor and women. Participation should be broad-based, through local decision-making by all villagers.
  
• Transparency. KDP emphasizes transparency and information-sharing throughout the project cycle. Decision-making and financial management should be open and shared with the community.
  
• Open Menu. Villagers can propose any activity, except for ones on a negative list.
  
• Competition for Funds. There should be open, healthy competition between villages for KDP funds.
  
• Decentralized. Decision-making and management occurs at the local level.
  
• Simple. No complex rules, just simple strategies and methods.
  

All KDP activities aim at allowing villagers to make their own choices about the kinds of projects that they need and want.

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Geographical Coverage

From 1998 to 2006, KDP has covered 34,233 of the poorest villages in Indonesia, covering approximately 49 percent of the entire 69,956 villages in the country.

KDP Coverage from 1998 - 2006

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