Development Topics

Detailed information on specific topic areas of the World Bank's work in Indonesia, along with links to projects and reports can be found at the following links.

Avian Flu The Government of Indonesia has been preparing for a possible outbreak in the human population and is investigating deaths that have occurred. Technical assistance has been very important in strengthening these responses and in making plans for future activities. The Avian and Human Influenza Control and Preparedness Project will help address these activities and some of the pressing issues. Avian Flu in Indonesia  Avian Flu in East Asia and Pacific Region Decentralization Efforts to govern Indonesia – one of the most ethnically diverse and far flung nations in the world with more than 17,000 islands – have historically aimed at building greater national unity through centralization. Although weak attempts at decentralization were made under President Suharto, they failed to take root. Decentralization in Indonesia Decentralization in Indonesia (chapter of East Asia Decentralizes) Decentralization in East Asia and Pacific Education The Indonesian school system is immense and diverse. With over 50 million students and 2.6 million teachers in more than 250,000 schools, it is the third largest education system in the Asia region and the fourth largest in the world (behind only China, India and the United States). Education in Indonesia Education in East Asia and Pacific Education Projects Energy and Mining In addition to other sources, Indonesia needs to attract private funds to finance the increasing demand for electricity. In addition the country needs to mitigate the environmental impact of energy use by promoting efficient utilization and optimal resource mix while developing clean air mechanisms. Energy and Mining in Indonesia Energy Projects |  Mining Projects | Oil & Gas Projects  Energy and Mining in East Asia and Pacific Environment Rapid economic growth over the last three decades has improved the quality of life and provision of basic services to most Indonesians. However, a number of environmental problems are threatening the country's environmental sustainability, foremost among them being a rapid and generally unsustainable rate of natural resource exploitation. Areas of particular concern include forests and fisheries. Environment in Indonesia Environment in East Asia and Pacific  Environment and Social Development Environment Monitor 2003: Reducing Pollution Environment Project. Fighting Corruption The World Bank wishes to support the anti-corruption stance that has often been reiterated by Indonesia’s President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his Ministers. At the project level this means trying to ensure that funds are effectively used for the agreed purposes. At a more macro level, the Bank is trying to help the government seek more sustainable changes at a sector and cross sector level, for example by advising on policy reform. Fighting Corruption in the World Bank Financed Projects Finance & Private Sector Development Indonesia's banking sector stability and rising trade are boosting growth yet challenges remain. Finance & Private Sector in Indonesia Gender Significant progress has been made towards achieving gender balance in a number of key areas.There has been a steady and impressive improvement in women’s relative educational position over time. For those currently under-20 there is very little gender differential. Slightly more girls than boys are enrolled in primary and lower secondary school. Only at upper secondary and tertiary levels are more boys being educated than girls. Gender Programs in Indonesia Gender Program in East Asia and Pacific  Gender Equality in East Asia and Pacific Health Nutrition & Population Indonesia has made significant progress in health outcomes over the last decades. For instance, infant mortality dropped from 118 deaths per thousand births in 1970 to 35 in 2003, and life expectancy increased from 48 years to 66 years over the same period. This progress owed much to the expansion of public health provision in the 1970s and 1980s, and programs in family planning. However, new challenges have emerged as a result of social and economic changes. Health, Nutrition and Population in Indonesia Health, Nutrition and Population Projects  Health, Nutrition and Population in East Asia and Pacific  Selected Readings HIV/AIDS Since the early 1990s, the World Bank has been actively involved in the fight against HIV/AIDS in East Asia and Pacific through lending, policy dialogue, and research and analysis.Focus on analytic and advisory services and possible integration of HIV/AIDS activitiesin multi-sectoral operations that are of priority for Indonesia. HIV/AIDS in Indonesia Summary of the Region's HIV/AIDS Strategy (Bahasa Indonesia)  HIV/AIDS in East Asia and Pacific Poverty The Indonesia Poverty Analysis Program (INDOPOV) is a comprehensive project of analytical work and policy dialogue funded by DFID and based at the World Bank office, Jakarta.From 2004-2006, the INDOPOV analytical agenda included: analysis of basic poverty statistics; linkages between trade; the investment climate and poverty; service delivery for the poor evaluations of the impact of anti-poverty projects; and the design of conditional cash transfer mechanisms for social protection. Indonesia Poverty Analysis Program	Public Expenditure In the decade since the Asian financial crisis, which caused a major upheaval in Indonesia and brought down the Suharto government in May 1998, the country’s public finances have undergone a transformation. The financial crisis caused a huge economic contraction and a reorientation of public spending. Not surprisingly, government debt and spending on subsidies increased dramatically, while development spending fell sharply. Public Expenditure in Indonesia Labor and Social Protection The poverty rate in Indonesia according to the national poverty line has decreased from 27 percent in 1999 to approximately 15 percent in 2004. While poverty may appear relatively low, vulnerability remains high. Household income and consumption over consecutive years shows high degree of mobility in and out of poverty. The Government of Indonesia has employed various coping mechanisms to assist with food security, employment creation, education and health access, as well as community empowerment. Labor and Social Protection in Indonesia Labor and Social Protection Projects Labor and Social Protection in East Asia and Pacific Reconstruction & Tsunami The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused massive devastation in Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India and Bangladesh, as well as other Asian and East African countries, killing more than 150,000 people in the region. The Aceh province in Indonesia was worst hit and what followed was an amazing outpouring of compassion and generosity from around the world. Entire villages needed to be reconstructed, and US$6 billion has been allocated towards rebuilding communities and livelihoods. Tsunami & Reconstruction in Indonesia Rural Development Indonesian agriculture supports the livelihood of millions of Indonesians. Three out of five Indonesians still live in rural areas and farming is their main occupation. While Indonesian agriculture has performed well historically and contributed to significant growth with increased employment and reduction of poverty, productivity gains of most crops have now slowed down significantly and the majority of farmers operate in less than one-half hectare today. Rural Development and Agriculture in Indonesia Rural Development and Agriculture Projects Rural Development and Agriculture in East Asia and Pacific Social Development Social development is development that is equitable, socially inclusive and sustainable. It promotes local, national and global institutions that are responsive, accountable and inclusive and it empowers poor and vulnerable people to participate effectively in development processes. The social development program in Indonesia is one of the largest in the region, below are some links to key programs Environment and Social Development Conflict & Community Development Program Justice for the Poor Program Social Development in East Asia and Pacific Transport All transport modes play a role in Indonesia's transport system and are generally complementary rather than competitive. Road transport is the predominant mode, accounting for about 70 percent of freight ton-km and 82 percent of passenger km. Transport in Indonesia  Transport Projects Transport in East Asia and Pacific Urban Development Indonesia is shifting from a primarily rural economy to an economy based on industry and services. Despite large numbers of people still living in rural areas, agriculture currently represents only about 16 percent of Indonesia’s GDP. Manufacturing has been the fastest growing segment of the economy, and has been growing at a rate well over three times that of agriculture since 1981. This economic shift is driving rapid demographic change. In 1975, just 20 percent of Indonesians were city-dwellers, but by 2025 over 60 percent will be urban. Urban Development in Indonesia Urban Development Projects Urban Development in East Asia and Pacific Water Supply & Sanitation Indonesia is shifting from a primarily rural economy to an economy based on industry and services. Despite large numbers of people still living in rural areas, agriculture currently represents only about 16 percent of Indonesia’s GDP. Manufacturing has been the fastest growing segment of the economy, and has been growing at a rate well over three times that of agriculture since 1981. This economic shift is driving rapid demographic change. In 1975, just 20 percent of Indonesians were city-dwellers, but by 2025 over 60 percent will be urban. WSP and The World Bank Youth The Indonesia Youth Employment Network is a partnership between the United Nations, the World Bank and the ILO to bring together leaders of industry, youth and civil society representatives, and policy makers to explore imaginative approaches to the challenge of youth employment. Indonesia Youth Employment Plan Youth in East Asia and Pacific
Also see: Main World Bank Development Topics Website