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Kalmyk Republic
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Database
"Regions of Russia" |  | | Type of Subject | Republic of Kalmykia | | Federal Okrug | Southern Federal District | | Economic Region | Volga economic region |
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| ааа | | | | | REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA
Khalmg Tangch
Geographic Position
The Republic is situated in the South-East of the European part of Russia in the interstream area of the rivers Volga and Don. It is situated in the zone of steppes, neardeserts and deserts.
The area of the Republic exceeds that of Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland and the Netherlands together.
Kalmykia borders Stavropol Kray In the South, the Republic of Dagestan in the South East, Volgograd Oblast in the North, Astrakhan Oblast in the North-East, and Rostov oblast in the West.
History
1759 – China and Russia devided the Kalmyk state Davachi between each other
1825 – Kalmyk issues are transferred from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Empire
1920 – Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast is established
1935 – the Oblast is transformed into Kalmyk ASSR. 1943 – Kalmyks were accused of mass betrayal of the Soviet Fatherland and deported to areas in Siberia, Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. More than one third of the total Kalmyk population died in the course of deportation, the Republic was dissolved.
1957 – Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast reestablished.
1958 – Kalmyk ASSR reestablished.
1990 – Kalmykia is transformed into a union republic (SSR).
1994 – Stepnoye Ulozheniye (the Steppe Regulations) that received its name in memory of the Dzhungar Khanate “Constitution” pronounces the Republic an integral constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
Population
The number of population amounts to 289,900 people. The ethnical composition is as follows: Kalmyks (53.33%), Russians (33.53%), Dargins (2.49%), Chechens (2.04%), Kazakhs (1.71%), and Turks (1.07%). The capital is the city of Elista. Density of the population is 3.8 people per square kilometer, the share of the urban population being 44.2 %.
State Structure
Kalmykia is a presidential republic. The President is elected for seven years. The President is entitled to appoint up to 1/3 of the total number of MPs. Instead of a constitution, in April 1994 President Ilyumzhinov’s decree enforced the so-called Stepnoye Ulozheniye (the Steppe Regulations) which strengthened the presidential power institute. There are practically no local governments in the Republic: presidential representatives in localities are the ultimate authority. When necessary these representatives may convene people’s meetings. In 1995, the President by his decree established the Legislative Assembly (the upper chamber of the Parliament) all the members of which are appointed by the President.
Climate
The climate is sharply continental with hot and very dry summers, and cold (sometimes very frosty) winters with very little snow.
The maximum July temperatures reach +42°C — +44°C, while minimum January temperatures fall to −34°C — −36°C. Thanks to its geographic position, Kalmykia enjoys great amounts of solar radiation.
The sunshine duration ranges from 182 to 186 days a year. The annual precipitation level ranges between 210 and 340 mm.
Economy
Agriculture plays the leading role in the economy of Kalmkia. Fine-wool sheep breeding and beef cattle breeding are well-developed. The Republic produces about 9,000 metric tons of wool annually.
The share of plow land in the agricultural lands amounts to 20%. Wheat and feed crops are cultivated in the Republic.
The main industries are mechanical engineering, metalworking, light industries and food processing. Oil and gas industries are actively developing.
Resources
The Republic has considerable oil reserves. Kalmykia has large undiscovered potential resources of nitrogen, bromine and rare-earth metals.
Specific Features of the Region
Annual oil production of about 200,000 metric tons.
39 oil and gas fields are being developed in the territory of the Republic. |
World Bank Projects in the Region
Economic and Social Development Indicators
| | in USD | | Population | 289 881,0 | | | Natality | 438 | | | Unemployed, thousands people | 4,5 | | | Living Wage, Rub. | 2,340.0 | 91.1$ | | Average Monthly Salary, Rub. | 3,605.7 | 140.3$ | | Number of general education institutions | 213 | | | Number of high education institutions | 2 | | | Number of students in general education institutions, thousands people | 44,9 | | | Number of students in high education institutions, thousands people | 10 | | | Quantity of doctors per 10,000 persons | 51 | | | GRP, mln. Rub. | 11,347.4 | 441.5$ | | GRP per capita, Rub. | 39,094.6 | 1,521.2$ | | Share of Industry in GRP, % | 8,2 | | | Share of Agriculture in GRP, % | 19,5 | | | Share of Trade in GRP, % | 5,5 | | | Retail Trade Turnover, mln. Rub. | 3,001.1 | 116.8$ | | Investment in Fixed Capital, mln. Rub. | 2631.9 | 102.4$ | | Consumer Price Index, % | 110,9 | | | Budget: | | | | - Incomes | 5,332,411,324.0 | 207,486,821.9$ | | - Costs | 5,623,792,148.0 | 218,824,597.2$ | | - Proficit/Deficit | -291,380,824.0 | -11,337,775.3$ | | State Obligations, Rub. | 300,000,000.0 | 11,673,151.8$ | | Credits from credit institutions, Rub. | 230,000,000.0 | 8,949,416.3$ | | EBRD Credits, mln. Rub. | 0.0 | 0.0$ |
Sources: Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, 2005
Federal Treasure of the Russian Federation (Russian Treasury)
www.ebrd.com - The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
Investment & Credit Ratings
| RA «Expert» | Investment Rating - 3C2
Insignificant Potential - High Risk | | Fitch Ratings: | N/a | | Moody's: | N/a | | Standard & Poor's: | N/a |
Biographies
Ilyumzhinov, Kirsan Nikolayevich
President of the Republic of Kalmykia
Born on April 5, 1962 in Elista, Kalmyk ASSR (currently Republic of Kalmykia, Russian Federation).
1979 – graduated from high school No. 3 of Elista. After school he worked as assembly fitter at Zvezda Factory. After that he served as conscript in the Soviet Army.
1982—1989 – student of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO).
1990 – elected a people’s deputy of the RSFSR from Manych territorial district No. 821 (Kalmykia).
1991 – member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
1993 – President of the Russian Chamber of Entrepreneurs
1993 – the first President of the Republic of Kalmykia
1993 – member of the Council of the Federation, Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
1996 – member of the Council of the Federation (second convocation) due to the presidential capacity.
1995 – reelected for another 7-year presidential term.
1995 – elected President of the International Chess Federation (FIDE).
2006 – reelected President of FIDE.
Map of the Region
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