Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya)

Database "Regions of Russia"

Type of Subject Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Federal Okrug Far Eastern Federal District Economic Region Far Eastern economic region

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Flag Coat of Arms Administrative Center Yakutsk Largest Settlements Neryungri Mirnyi Lensk Federal Okrug Far Eastern Economic Region Far Eastern Language Russian, Yakut Governor/President Vyacheslav Shtyrin Area - Total 3 103 200 km² - % water Population - Total 950 668 - Density 0,3 per./km² GRP, mln. Rub. 164,245.70 GRP, mln. USD 6,390.9$ GRP per capita, Rub. 172,923.5 GRP per capita, USD 6,728.5$ Time Zone GMT +09 — +11 Official web-page Associated web-pages		REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA) Geographic Position The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is situated in the North-Eastern part of Eurasia. More than 2/5 of the territory of the Republic is located in the Arctic Circle. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) borders Krasnoyarsk Kray in the West, Irkutsk Oblast in the South-West, Amur and Chita Oblasts in the South, Khabarovsk Kray in the South-East, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous District in the East. Its natural northern borders are the shorelines of the Laptev Sea and East-Siberian Sea. History Sakha was founded in ХII century a.d. by the legendary king Ellei from the Central Asia. It voluntarily joined the Russian Moscow Czardom in exchange for the support given to it in its conquest of the Far East and North-East Asia. 1851 – Yakutsk Oblast of the Irkutsk General Governorship. 1922 – Yakutskaya ASSR 1991 – Yakutskaya SSR 1992 – Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Population The population of Yakutia amounts to 950,700 people. The share of urban population is 64.2 %, the density of the population is 0.3 people per square km. The national composition of the population is diverse. The main ethnicities are Yakuts (45.54 %) and Russians (41.15 %). In addition the Republic hosts Ukrainians (3.65%), Jews, Tatars, Evenki and other small peoples of the North. In total, about 127 various ethnicities populate Yakutia. State Structure Sakha (Yakutia) is a presidential republic. Its constitution was adopted in 1992. The executive power branch is headed by the President elected together with the Vice-President by all the population on the basis of a universal secret ballot for five years. The highest legislative authority is the State Assembly of Yakutia (Il Tumen) consisting of two chambers: the upper chamber – the Chamber of the Republic, and the lower – the Chamber of Representatives. Executive power is directly exercised by the Government headed by the Chairman. Climate The climate is sharply continental and is characterized by long winters and short summers. The maximum amplitude between the average temperatures of January (the coldest month) and July (the warmest month) amounts to 70-75°С. The republic is second to none in the Northern hemisphere as to the absolute minimum temperatures (in the eastern mountain systems — as low as -70°С in cupholes, bowls and other potholes) and the total length of the minimum-temperature periods (from 6.5 to 9 months a year). Economy The industry of Yakutia is focused on production and enrichment of raw materials since the Republic is rich of natural resources. The main industries are as follows: • Non-ferrous metallurgy, primarily diamonds and gold (90 % of all Russian diamonds and 24 % of all the Russian gold is produced in Yakutia). Joint-Stock Company ALROSA is the world’s largest producer of diamonds and the world’s second largest seller. • Coal-mining industry • Production of construction materials • Lumber and woodworking industry Resources According to current assessments the Republic has about 800 kimberlite pipes, 150 of which contain diamonds including 13 containing diamonds in commercial quantities. Yakutia diamond province is the largest in Russia with a 90-% share of the total reserves and a 95-% share of production. Specialized oil and gas reserve areas cover almost all the south-western part of the Republic which has a high concentration of large gas, gas condensate, and oil-gas fields. Specific Features of the Region The territory of Yakutia covers three time zones which have the following time differences with the Moscow time zone: +6, +7, and + 8 hours. The population density in Yakutia is the lowest in the Russian Federation. Yakutia is one of the Russian regions rich of water resources (700,000 large and small rivers and more than 800,000 lakes). According to assessments, the Republic’s potential hydropower resources amount to 700 billion kW.

Economic and Social Development Indicators

		in USD
Population	950 668,0
Natality	3895
Unemployed, thousands people	11,5
Living Wage, Rub.	4,851.0	188.8$
Average Monthly Salary, Rub.	11,315.3	440.3$
Number of general education institutions	692
Number of high education institutions	8
Number of students in general education institutions, thousands people	168,4
Number of students in high education institutions, thousands people	43,7
Quantity of doctors per 10,000 persons	49,5
GRP, mln. Rub.	164,245.7	6,390.9$
GRP per capita, Rub.	172,923.5	6,728.5$
Share of Industry in GRP, %	45,8
Share of Agriculture in GRP, %	3,8
Share of Trade in GRP, %	9,3
Retail Trade Turnover, mln. Rub.	45,112.5	1,755.4$
Investment in Fixed Capital, mln. Rub.	29289.0	1,139.6$
Consumer Price Index, %	112,1
Budget:
- Incomes	55,773,954,229.4	2,170,192,771.6$
- Costs	4,103,163,419.1	159,656,164.2$
- Proficit/Deficit	51,670,790,810.2	2,010,536,607.4$
State Obligations, Rub.	2,500,000,000.0	97,276,264.6$
Credits from credit institutions, Rub.	2,872,478,000.0	111,769,572.0$
EBRD Credits, mln. Rub.	650,000,000.0	25,291,828.8$