SNA Valuation of Output in Specific Industries

Retail and wholesale distribution

Although wholesalers and retailers actually buy and sell goods, the goods purchased are not treated as part of their intermediate consumption when they are resold with only minimal processing such as cleaning, packaging, etc. Wholesalers and retailers are supplying services rather than goods to their customers by storing and displaying a goods in convenient locations and making them easily available to customers to buy. Their output is measured by the total value of the trade margins realized on the goods they purchase for resale.

Financial intermediaries incur liabilities on their own account on financial markets by borrowing funds which they lend on different terms and conditions to other institutional units. They intermediate between lenders and borrowers by channeling funds from one to the other, putting themselves at risk in the processing. The rates of return they receives on the fund that they lend are normally higher than the rates they pay on the funds they borrow, and obtain a possibility to provide an operating surplus. Most intermediaries do not charge explicitly for the service which they provide their customers, so there may be no receipts from sales which can be used to value their services.

The output of Financial Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM); The total value of FISIM is measured as total property income receivable by financial intermediaries minus their total interest payable (excluding any property income receivable form the investment of their own fund, as such income does not arise from financial intermediation).