The study has four major components: - Country Case Studies
- Thematic Studies
- Literature Review
- Portfolio Review
1. Country Case Studies : Benin: Fieldwork for Benin (Household surveys, focus group interviews of beneficiaries, Local village leader interviews, interviews of government officials at commune and state level, and donor interviews) was completed in November 2003. It was a challenging experience. Working in a country with several local languages, most of which are not written, made conducting household surveys, local (village) leader and commune official interviews was a very demanding exercise for the survey team. However, the work was completed satisfactorily. In total, the survey team covered 32 villages in 7 communes. This resulted in 1375 household surveys, 64 local leader interviews and 64 focus group sessions. 24 interviews of government officials at regional and commune levels and 26 at the state level were also completed. As part of the fieldwork 12 donor interviews were conducted. Brazil: Fieldwork in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil was completed in January 2004. At the community level, fieldwork activities included household surveys in 33 communities in 13 municipalities (a total of 1,097 households); 57 focus groups interviews; 33 interviews with community leaders; and 28 interviews with members of the Community Association - the local level organization responsible for project operation and maintenance. In addition to fieldwork at the community level, research activities were carried out at the municipal, state and central government level. At the municipal level, a total of 68 interviews with representatives of the local government and representatives of the project Municipal Councils, the so-called FUMAC or FUMAC-P councils, were conducted. At the state level, 24 government officials and functionaries were interviewed, a focus group interview with NGOs working throughout the State of Rio Grande do Norte was held. At the central level 13 government officials and representatives of other donor agencies were interviewed. Finally, World Bank officials in the Recife and Brasilia offices of the World Bank were also interviewed . All fieldwork activities were completed satisfactorily. Egypt: Fieldwork for Egypt (focus group sessions with beneficiaries and NGOs, central level government official interviews, and donor interviews) was completed in September 2004. Nepal: Fieldwork for Nepal (focus group sessions with beneficiaries and NGOs, central level government official interviews, and donor interviews) was completed in October 2003. The political situation there made it difficult to conduct focus group sessions in many communities. Limited visits to communities at project sites in the vicinity of the cities of Kathmandu and Pokhara were covered and two focus group sessions were held, one near each city. Vietnam: Fieldwork for Vietnam (focus group sessions with local and international NGOs, interviews with central level government official and officials of implementing agencies, and donor interviews) was completed in March 2004. The two projects classified as CDD by the anchor are in their infancy and the components involving community participation had not been implemented as of March 2004. The team made a one-day trip to one of the project province, and one project commune and conducted unstructured interviews with the officials.
2.Thematic Studies Safeguards: The Safeguards Policy Review is one of two thematic studies conducted for the IEG Evaluation. The study reviews compliance with the Bank's safeguard policies of Bank-supported CDD interventions in client countries. Bank Capacity: This thematic study assesses how Bank capacity to undertake CBD/CDD interventions in client countries has evolved over time. This study uses surveys interviews to get the views of Bank staff and managers on such topics as incentives to Bank staff to design CDD interventions, the conformity with sectoral standards in multi-sectoral operations, and time and resource issues for CDD interventions.
3. Literature Review A literature review that covers about 200 articles/books has been completed. This review was undertaken with a four-fold objective. First, to simply bring to the ongoing CDD evaluation information on the kind of evidence that is out there on participatory approaches to local development, qualitative, quantitative and anecdotal. Second, to draw on the evidence in the literature to understand the different kinds of participatory spaces that Bank's CDD interventions have fostered at the local level. Third, to explore the evidence in the literature on factors that have a bearing on development effectiveness of CDD-type interventions. Finally, since this literature review is one of the four components of the CDD evaluation, a major purpose was to provide a means for 'testing' the findings emerging from other study components, particularly case study countries and the portfolio review both of which indicate several challenges that donor agencies face in implementing participatory projects. Though the historical perspective would have been important because of time and resource constraints, we have chosen to focus our attention on relatively recent literature, from the mid 1990s onwards.
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4. Portfolio Review A sample of 84 projects was selected for intensive review. In addition to a desk review of project documents, a review of country assistance strategy documents, poverty reduction strategy papers and formal and informal economic and sector work was also carried out. | 
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