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Overview
This evaluation assesses the effectiveness of the World Bank's support for development approaches that involve community participation. The process of involving communities in project activities is expected to build their capacity to take charge of their own development. It is also expected to reduce corruption and increase accountability for use of resources. Projects which involve community participation have increased from less than 5 percent of total Bank lending in 1989 to about 25 percent in 2003. The study finds that these approaches are potentially a powerful mechanism for channeling development assistance to the grass roots level, but highlights several challenges in ensuring effective use of external support. 
Strengths and Weaknesses of CBD/CDD Operations
 
Strengths Weaknesses 
blue_arrow.gifCBD/CDD projects achieve much more success on quantitative goals, such as infrastructure construction
blue_arrow.gifThese projects help lower costs of delivering infrastructure
blue_arrow.gifThey offer remote communities increased access to service-delivery infrastructure
blue_arrow.gifCapacity-enhancement efforts were more successful when projects supported indigenously matured initiatives
blue_arrow.gifCBD/CDD projects enhanced government capacity to implement participatory interventions
blue_arrow.gifMonitoring and evaluation systems are not systematically assessing qualitative goals of these interventions
blue_arrow.gifHowever, communities now bear a part of these costs
blue_arrow.gifBut the poorest may not always benefit from these interventions.Also infrastructure and services have been difficult to sustain beyond the Bank presence because of a lack of resources
blue_arrow.gifThe individual subproject life-cycle is too short to sustainably enhance community capacity
blue_arrow.gifMore changes are needed to improve fiduciary and safeguard compliance
Recommendations
In its future assistance to CBD/CDD , the World Bank should:
blue_arrow.gifStrengthen operational guidance and oversight for the application of Bank safeguard policies and fiduciary compliance. 
blue_arrow.gifDesign the CBD/CDD program as an integral part of the overall assistance strategy, and carry out periodic assessment of on-going projects to ensure relevance and effectiveness to the country context. 
blue_arrow.gifGive priority to helping countries build-up existing indigenously matured initiatives; where such initiatives do not exist, tailor project to country and community context while undertaking selective, rigorous, impact assessments to ensure learning. 
Featured Background Documents
Working Papers:

The Effectiveness of World Bank Support for Community-Based and -Driven Development: Safeguard Policy Review

The Effectiveness of World Bank Support for Community-Based and -Driven Development: Brazil Country Study

The Effectiveness of World Bank Support for Community-Based and -Driven Development: Egypt Country Study

Community-Driven Development: Lessons from the Sahel - An Analytical Review(French version)

The Challenge of Community Participation in Forest Development in Nepal
Community-Driven and -Based Development: Literature Review

Design Papers:

Community-Driven Development -- A Study Methodology 

Projects Performance Assessment Reports (PPAR):
Uttar Pradesh Sodic Land Reclamation Project
Benin Borgou Pilot Project
Egypt Matrouh Resource Management Project
Turkey Eastern Anatolia Watershed Rehabilitation Project



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