Country case studies consider the effectiveness of the totality of country-level HIV/AIDS assistance – including policy dialogue, analytic work, and related health lending – and go more deeply into the context and timing of the Bank’s involvement. The case study methodology includes establishing a detailed timeline of national, World Bank, and donor events and assistance, in-depth interviews with key informants, and assembly and analysis of available data concerning inputs, outputs, and outcomes.
The four case study countries represent diverse stages of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, levels of national income per capita, and extent of World Bank engagement. All four are relatively large countries, with key issues in decentralization of service delivery.  Brazil - is an upper-middle income country and represents the largest and among the earliest borrowers from the Bank for HIV/AIDS. It has a concentrated AIDS epidemic. | | | Ethiopia - was selected for a case study because it was one of the first two countries participating in the first African Multi-Country AIDS program, launched in 2000. Lessons about the Bank's engagement in HIV/AIDS or lack thereof since the early 1990s and more recently suggest some important lessons. | | | Indonesia - is a low-income country. The Bank persuaded the government to intervene early, before HIV had spread widely even among risk groups, to prevent an explosive epidemic like the one that occurred in Thailand. Yet, for a number of reasons, this effort was unsuccessful. | | | Russia - has a concentrated epidemic. The World Bank engaged in many years of policy dialogue and analytic work to build government commitment before agreement was reached on the first lending operation, the AIDS and TB Project, which only became effective in late 2003. | |
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