• Both urban and rural poverty can be reduced when transport improves accessibility and affordability for the poor.
  
  
• The distributional impact of transport projects is underresearched.
  
  
• Regardless of who implements the project (communities or works departments), sustainability remains a major issue.
  
  
• Pro-poor passenger transport pricing needs more attention for accessible transport to reach the poorest.
  
  
• In fragile states the risks of intervention are high, but the returns can sometimes be substantial.
  
  
• Where there is low institutional capacity, Bank staff tend to underestimate the time needed to implement reforms, build capacity, and build institutions.

Next: Internal Bank Performance Factors