 All of the stand alone systems provide basic energy services for lighting, radio, television, and the operation of small appliances for households and cottage industries. The main used stand alone technologies are:
 Solar Home Systems
Pico Hydro Systems Micro Wind Systems
Solar Home Systems Solar home systems (SHS) currently provide basic energy services for lighting, radio, television, and the operation of small appliances to millions of rural households and cottage industries that have no access to electricity grids. A typical solar home system includes a 20- to 100-Wp photovoltaic array; a rechargeable battery for energy storage; a battery charge controller; one or more lights (generally fluorescent); an outlet for a television, radio/cassette player, or other low-power-consuming appliance; and switches, interconnecting wires, and mounting hardware. Both the module size and the sunlight availability will determine the amount of electricity available for daily use. In a country such as Indonesia, a 50-Wp system can provide enough energy to operate four small (6- to 10-W) fluorescent lights and a small 15-inch black-and-white television for up to five hours. Solar home systems can also help households generate income from business activities. The retail price of a SHS ranges from about US$100 to US$500 for 15 Wp to 50 Wp systems, respectively. The smaller and cheaper systems are tailored for low-income consumers and for cash-sales. The larger systems require additional financing. For more click here 
Pico Hydro Systems The pico hydro unit capacities range from 100 to 1000W. The smaller units are used by individual households, while the larger systems are used for productive activities and for multi-household supply. Cheap, low quality systems from Chinadominate the market, with an estimated 90 percent market share. The retail price of a pico hydro unit ranges from about US$20 to US$70 for 100 W to 500 W systems, respectively. The systems are readily available on a cash basis from retail outlets. With installed prices (including distribution lines, indoor wires and switches) in the range of US$50 - US$100 for systems ranging approximately from 100 Watts to 500 Watts, the systems have proven to be affordable on a cash basis for many households and institutions. The systems provide sufficient power to meet limited needs for lighting, cassette-radios and low wattage televisions and fans. For more click here
Micro Wind Systems There are emerging micro-wind systems for stand-alone energy supply, as both wind home systems, PV/wind home systems and battery charging stations. Household-size wind energy systems have been used most in China, where over 160,000 systems provide energy services for nomadic herdsman in Inner Mongolia. The systems consists of a wind turbine with direct current generator, charge controller, battery, wiring and switches, lights and an outlet. Installed capacity can range from 25 to 100 Watts per household. Wind battery charging stations are a viable option to provide lighting and entertainment services at a more affordable cost than single-household systems. The system consists of a larger wind turbine (often several kW) with a direct current generator, more sophisticated charge controller, battery bank, wiring and switches. Customers bring discharged batteries to the station and return with freshly charged batteries, which they use to power their households lights and appliances. Just like with solar home systems, the customer can replace existing household expenditures for kerosene, candles, and dry-cell batteries with the fees to pay for the charging service. For more click here
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