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CCT Program Profile - Nicaragua
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| Country | Nicaragua | Program Name | Atención a Crisis | Year started | 2005 | Status | 1-year pilot program, ended in December 2006 | Targeting | | - target population | Poor households residing in region affected by drought | - targeting method | Geographic targeting and proxy means testing | - coverage | 3,000 households | - incidence | 90% of households | Benefits | | - benefit structure | Food transfer: $145 per household per year
Education transfer: $90 per household per year
School “supply-side” transfer: $1.3 per child (1-time transfer at the beginning of the school year)
School “backpack” (supplies): $25 per child per year
Health transfer: $90 per household per year (was to be paid to health provider, but was never implemented
$15 per household per month while participating in training courses for up to 6 months | - payee | Child caregiver | - payment method | Cash at payment points | - payment frequency | Bimonthly | - duration | 1 year | - additional benefits | In addition to the traditional CCT component, the pilot program also included occupational training and a business grant component. These were allocated randomly across eligible households. In its final design, beneficiary households were allocated one of the following three interventions: (1) CCT component (with benefits as described above); (2) CCT plus occupational training; or (3) CCT plus a business grant.
For occupational training, additional benefits included (1) opportunity cost transfer (up to $90 per household per year), (2) course costs up to $140 per household per year
For the business grant, additional benefits included a business grant transfer of $200 per household plus technical assistance to develop a business plan | Conditions | | - health | Pilot program design envisioned close coordination between the Ministry of Family and the Ministry of Health to improve the supply of health services for the beneficiaries, and to monitor health-related conditions. Despite strong and repeated efforts to reach interministry coordination and synergies, this supply-side health component was never implemented. | - education | Enrollment in grades 1–6 for children aged 7–15
Regular attendance of 85%, (that is, no more than 5 absences without valid excuse every 2 months)
Deliver teacher transfer to teacher | - other | For occupational training: household needed to decide on member who takes course and payment is conditional on assistance to course
For the business grant: business plan approved by technical team in the Ministry of Family | - verification of compliance–method | Through forms sent to service providers (schools and health providers) and fed into the management information system | - verification of compliance–frequency | Bimonthly | - compliance statistics | Less than 5% of beneficiaries were penalized
No terminations were made as a result of noncompliance | Program Administration | | - institutional arrangement | Funding and administrative oversight by the Ministry of Family.
A technical team at the Ministry of Family was responsible for the program design, targeting and beneficiary selection, and the program’s overall implementation, monitoring, and coordinating activities (for example, with the ministries of education and health, the National Institute for Vocational Training, and each of the municipal administrations and local actors involved in different components of the program).
In each municipality, a local staffperson was assigned to serve as a liaison between the Ministry of Family and the beneficiary households to facilitate, coordinate, and monitor various program activities at the municipal level.
Private service providers were contracted to provide technical assistance for beneficiaries allocated the occupational training or the business grant.
In each community, beneficiaries were organized in small groups (of about 10 people), and each group elected 2 members as the group’s promotoras/es to coordinate program-related information given to all beneficiaries, clarifying program rules and conditions, ensuring participation of all beneficiaries in program meetings and activities, and providing informal guidance and support to beneficiaries. | - program costs | Budget: $1.8 million (0.1% of GDP)
Administrative cost: $0.4 million |
Country Context | | General | | - population (total) | 5.5 million (2006) | - GDP per capita (PPP, 2005 $) | $2,702 (2006) | - poverty headcount ratio at $2/day | 79.9% (2001) | Education | | - net enrollment in primary level | 89.8% total (2006)
89.9% for girls, 89.6% for boys | - net enrollment in secondary level | 43.4% total (2004)
46.6% for girls, 40.2% for boys | Health | | - prevalence of child malnutrition (stunting) | 25.2% (2001) | - births attended by skilled health staff | 66.9% (2001) |
Source: Fiszbein A. and N. Schady (2009). Conditional Cash Transfers: Reducing Present and Future Poverty. Policy Research Report World Bank. Operational Documents  Inter-American Development Bank Project Documents
| Country | Nicaragua | Program name | Red de Protección Social | Year started | 2000 | Status | Stopped | Targeting | | - target population | Poor households with children aged 7–13 enrolled in primary school grades 1–4 (education); health care services are targeted to children aged 0–5 | - targeting method | Geographic targeting | - coverage | 20,000 households during phase 1; 16,016 additional households during phase 2 | - incidence | n.a. | Benefits | | - benefit structure | School attendance grant (bono escolar): C$240 ($17) per family every 2 months; school material support (mochila escolar): C$275 ($20) per child per year Health and nutrition (bono alimentario): C$480 ($34) per family every 2 months | - payee | Child’s caregiver (generally the mother) | - payment method | In cash at payment points | - payment frequency | Bimonthly | - duration | n.a. | - additional benefits | Education: supply incentive (bono a la oferta) - C$80 ($6) per student per year, given to teacher/school | Conditions | | - health | Bimonthly health education workshops (all households)
Attendance at prescheduled health care visits every month (aged 0–2) or bimonthly (aged 3–5), adequate weight gain and up-to-date vaccinations (aged 0–5) for all households with children aged 0–5 | -education | Enrollment in grades 1–4 for children aged 7–13 regular attendance of 85% (that is, no more than 5 absences without valid excuse every 2 months
Grade promotion at end of school year | -other | None | - verification of compliance–method | Through forms sent to service providers (schools and health providers) and fed into the program’s management information system | - verification of compliance–frequency | n.a. | - compliance statistics | Approximately 10% of beneficiaries were penalized at least once; therefore they did not receive, or received only part of, their transfer in the first 2 years of the program
Less than 1% of households terminated during the first 2 years of transfer delivery | Program Administration | | - institutional arrangement | Funding and administrative oversight by the Emergency Social Investment Fund
Municipal planning and coordination by committees of delegates from the health and education ministries, representatives from civil society, and program personnel
At district (comarca) level: 12 program representatives worked with promotoras and local school and health care service providers
Promotoras were responsible for communication with beneficiary households | - program costs | Budget: $3.7 million in phase I (10,000 households), (0.2% of GDP) |
Country Context | Source: WDI database 2008 | General | | - population (total) | 5.5 million (2006) | - GDP per capita (PPP, 2005 $) | $2,702 (2006) | - poverty headcount ratio at $2/day | 79.9% (2001) | Education | | - net enrollment in primary level | 89.8% total (2006)
89.9% for girls, 89.6% for boys | - net enrollment in secondary level | 43.4% total (2004)
46.6% for girls, 40.2% for boys | Health | | - prevalence of child malnutrition (stunting) | 25.2% (2001) | - births attended by skilled health staff | 66.9% (2001) |
Source: Fiszbein A. and N. Schady (2009). Conditional Cash Transfers: Reducing Present and Future Poverty. Policy Research Report World Bank. |
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