The publication has four specific objectives: (a) to discuss the role of retirement income transfers in the context of a strategy for expanding old-age income security and preventing poverty among the elderly; (b) to take stock of international experience with the design and implementation of these programs; (c) to identify key policy issues that need to receive attention during the design and implementation phases; and (d) to offer some preliminary policy recommendations and propose next steps. 

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Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs make welfare programs conditional upon households taking certain actions, such as enrolling their children into public schools, or taking them to health clinics regularly. A new World Bank policy research report examines the extent to which these programs have helped households break out of the vicious cycle of intergenerational poverty. The report lays out a conceptual framework for thinking about the economic rationale for CCTs and reviews the very rich evidence that has accumulated on these programs. It also describes how CCTs fit within the context of broader social policies.
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All countries fund safety net programs for the protection of their people.Though an increasing number of safety net programs are extremely well thought out, adroitly implemented, and demonstrably effective, many others are not. This book aims to assist those concerned with social policy to understand why countries need social assistance,what kind of safety programs will serve them best and how to develop such programs for maximum effectiveness.

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