| Concessions |
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| | Risk Sharing in the New Public Works Concession Law in Spain (PDF 157KB)
Budgetary constraints are forcing transport infrastructure authorities to raise private funds to finance the construction of new projects and the maintenance of existing ones by using concession contracts. One of the key elements in correctly defining a concession scheme is to establish an adequate risk-sharing mechanism among the stakeholders that take part in the process. This paper describes and analyzes the effect of the new Spanish Concession Law on risk sharing, in particular, the effect of the so-called progress clause on the calculation of risk held by the concessionaire. This law was designed both to reinforce private financing of public facilities and to improve the legal framework by defining a new risk-sharing approach, particularly in relation to the risks involved in estimating traffic demand. The paper finishes with an analysis of a specific application of the traffic risk-sharing approach for highway concessions in Spain.
| | José M. Vassallo and Juan Gallego |
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| | Traffic Risk Mitigation in Highway Concession Projects: The Experience of Chile (PDF 224KB)
Traffic risk mitigation remains a challenging aspect of highway concessions. This paper evaluates three mechanisms applied in Chile to mitigate traffic risk: the ‘Minimum Income Guarantee’ (MIG); the ‘Least Present Value of the Revenues’ (LPVR); and the ‘Revenue Distribution Mechanism’ (RDM). Specifically, the paper focuses on the performance of LPVR and MIG during the economic recession that took place between 1998 and 2002. In the context of this recession, the paper explains the reasons that led the government to implement the RDM mechanism. The paper gives some guidelines about the applicability of these mechanisms in other countries, highlights the beneficial features of LPVR in reducing traffic risk and avoiding concession contract renegotiations, and finally provides some recommendations as to how to make LPVR more attractive to private promoters.
| | José M. Vassallo
Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, September 2006 |
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| Road Funds |
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| | Financing of Road Maintenance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Reforms and progress towards second generation road funds (PDF)
The paper discusses the evaluation criteria for assessing second generation road funds and gives an overview of their performance. It also identifies the constraints encountered by road funds in their move towards second generation road funds. The objective of the analysis is to deepen the understanding of best practice in order to provide guidance to countries setting up or restructuring road funds.
| | Moustapha Benmaar
SSATP, September 2006 |
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| Ports and Waterborne Transport |
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| | Port Reform Toolkit, Second Edition
The Port Reform Toolkit is aimed to provide policymakers and practitioners with effective decision support in undertaking sustainable and well-considered reforms of public institutions that provide, direct, and regulate port services in developing countries.
| | World Bank, December 2006 |
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| Rural Roads | | |
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| | Transport: Linking People to Markets and Services: Many studies point to the economic and social impact of roads which link rural communities to schools, clinics and markets. Yet an estimated one billion people, or about 40 percent of the rural population in IDA countries, lack direct access to an all-weather road. The size of this unmet demand is reflected in the substantial volume of IDA lending for rural roads.
| | World Bank, John L. Hine, March 2007 |
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| | TRN-33: Surfacing Alternatives for Unsealed Rural Roads (PDF 402KB)
The purpose of this Note is to provide guidance for decision makers, engineers and administrators on selecting the most appropriate surface for unsealed road given the prevailing conditions. It is based on the report "Surfacing Alternatives for Unsealed Roads" (Henning, et al.2005).
| | Theuns Henning, Peter Kadar, and Christopher R. Bennett,
World Bank, May 2006 |
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| Trade and Freight Logistics |
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| | TP-13: Best Practices in Management of International Trade Corridors (PDF 288KB)
This report provides a comprehensive review of how transport corridors function, what institutional and operational structures are used to manage their performance, how that performance can be assessed and compared with that of other corridors, and what measures can be taken to improve corridor management and, through that, corridor performance. This is the first in a series of papers addressing transit for landlocked countries.
| | John Arnold,
World Bank, December 2006 |
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| | TRN-35: Success Factors for Improving Logistics in a Middle-Income Country (PDF 76KB)
This note presents the main lessons drawn from an analytical and sector work on trade logistics in Morocco. Public and private counterparts recognized the positive impact of the World Bank’s report to catalyze and accelerate reforms’ pace and to facilitate cooperation between public and private parties involved in logistics reforms.
| | Gaël Raballand, Jean-François Arvis and Michel Bellier
World Bank, October 2006 |
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| Urban Transport |
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| | Conducting Impact Evaluations in Urban Transport (PDF 702KB)
This paper summarizes methodological approaches for evaluating the role of urban transportation projects in poverty alleviation. Poverty impact evaluations are becoming more common within the World Bank. Yet impact evaluations of urban transportation projects are still rare, especially in developing countries. Impact evaluation can illuminate causal sequences and links to poverty alleviation in ways that go beyond the insights from a standard cost-benefit analysis. Rigorous assessment of the poverty impact of urban transportation projects is possible. Impact evaluation applied to urban transport has much promise, but the literature provides few examples of transport impact evaluation in the developing world. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the literature, often from developed countries, and to interpret that literature in ways that provides methodological guidance for pursuing poverty impact evaluations of urban transport in developing countries.
| | Marlon G. Boarnet (the work was task managed by
Judy Baker and Markus Goldstein),
Doing Impact Evaluation Series No. 5, January 2007 |
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