While we hope you might find the links below of interest, please note the World Bank is not responsible for the content of the following websites.
Organizations and Knowledge Sources The German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ), acting on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), has started to conduct the supraregional sector project The Solar Water Desinfection (SODIS) is a technological solution for water treatment at the household level whose development has been sponsored by the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG) and the Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (SANDEC). The technology has been tested in various locations in South America, Indonesia and China. Information about the technology, ongoing projects and related publications are available through this website. The Ecological Sanitation Research (EcoSanRes ) is an international environment and development program on ecological sanitation including networking, capacity building and pilot projects in China, Africa and Latin America. The program is Sponsored by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency and managed by Stockholm Environment Institute. This link provides a general overview of the program, its objectives and links to demonstration projects (tip: search under 'selected products' and related events). Ecosan is a specialist group on Ecological Sanitation from the International Water Association. This group shall direct its focus towards sanitation systems permitting nutrient reuse, mainly by source separation. The website covers technologies and links to publication on topics such as Innovative technologies for water reuse in urban areas including cases in Mexico and Africa (tip: search under cases and publications). The Center for Science and Environment from India presents the Rainharvesting project, which has links to current urban models applying this framework and techniques and serve as an effective tools to establish rainwater harvesting as an alternative for water management in urban centers. This link shows the different components of such technique (construction, costs, operations, regulations), ongoing projects and practices primarily in the context of India.
Case Studies ECOSAN, from the GTZ, provides a set of Urban Sanitation case studies (pdf file) that includes a mixture of experiences in Germany, Nigeria, China, Switzerland and Indonesia. These cases were presented at the 2nd International Symposium on Ecological Sanitation in 2003. The UNEP through its International Environmental Technology Centre presents cases about Rainwater Harvesting and Utilization around the World through the following link. This topic is introduced as an environmentally sound approach for Urban Water Management and is developed as an introductory guide to decision makers.
Publications & Reports (Reports, Guides, Papers, Fact sheets) "Wastewater Use in Urban Agriculture: Assessing Current Research Option for National and Local Governments". Redwood, M. International Development Research Center Network. (2004). This report explores the linkage between urban agriculture and wastewater use based on existing literature and applied research on the topic. The objective is to understand both the risks and benefits and provide options for governments and researchers in support of the appropriate and safe use of wastewater. In these sections the author covers topics such as urbanization, food security, water scarcity and the challenges in providing water and sanitation services. Then it moves on to a discussion about existing research linking urban agriculture and wastewater use, as well as the health implications stated by the WHO. The report then presents alternatives for institutional arrangements and technical options based on the IDRC experiences. The area of focuses of the research and report is the Middle East and Africa Region.
"A Wastewater Plant design criteria using Biological Technology" (pdf file) presented by the Washington State Department of Ecology (1998). This chapter describes biological treatment processes and includes design, construction and operational considerations of these treatment processes. Suspended growth, Batch Treatment and Biological Nutrient Removal are the principal processes described in this chapter.
"Analysis of Wastewater for use in Agriculture: A Laboratory Manual of Parasitological and Bacteriological Techniques". Ayres, R.M., and Mara,D.D. Presented by the World Health Organization. (1996). This laboratory manual provides a practical, step-by-step guide for the analysis of samples of treated wastewater to determine whether they comply with the quality guidelines published by WHO.
"A Bright Future for Renewable Energy Based on Waste". Schulz, H. (2000). Link to a Fact Sheet on black water & grey water reuse for urban and rural households provided by the WHO Regional Centre for Environmental Health Activities. |
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