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ROSC Assessments

In a world of integrated capital markets, a financial crisis in one imperils financial stability in all. Working together in the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP), the World Bank and the IMF jointly developed a system of benchmarks as an early warning mechanism, based on such international best practices as the World Bank’s Principles and Guidelines for Effective Insolvency and Creditor Rights Systems.

At the global level, these FSAP benchmarks set minimum international standards for transparency, market efficiency, and financial discipline. At the national level, they guide policy reform by identifying economic and financial vulnerability.

Countries are then evaluated against the benchmarks in Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSCs). In the insolvency context, ROSCs provide an opportunity for countries to evaluate the strength of their insolvency and creditor rights systems in the context of their legal and institutional frameworks, the relative rights, and the opportunities for alternatives to liquidation.


 
 
Creditor Rights

An efficient system for enforcing debt claims is crucial to a functioning credit system, especially for unsecured credit. A successful system requires:

n Means of creating credit that is readily accessible to the public.
n Easy methods of enforcement.
n Legal framework to ensure compatibility between the secured credit system and the insolvency system.

Affordability, predictability, and transparency are crucial to attracting the financing that promotes economic development.


Legal Framework

This module contains two elements.

1. It addresses the principles and policies necessary to develop a comprehensive insolvency law, pertaining to key issues of orderly and effective insolvency procedures, but with particular focus on the suitability of particular models, principles, and guidelines for emerging markets.

2. It considers the significance of orienting insolvency law within the broader commercial framework and the effect of the unique cultural context on the design of effective insolvency laws.


Institutional Framework

The institutional module focuses on capacity and implementation of insolvency law through the institutional framework. This framework broadly addresses such topics as:

n Design of the bankruptcy court.
n Significance of separate bankruptcy courts.
n The effective functioning of the bankruptcy court within time-bound procedures.
n Identification of the proper balance in judicial discretion appellate procedures.
n Training, qualification and capacity of the bankruptcy judges.


Informal Corporate Work-Outs and Restructurings

In terms of maximizing asset value and preserving jobs, an enterprise is usually more valuable as a going concern than if it is liquidated.In recognition of this fact, this model encourages participants to restore an enterprise to financial viability if possible. It also supports the establishment of an enabling environment through clear laws and procedures that provide:

n Disclosure of accurate financial information.
n Encourage the provision of financing to viable distressed companies.
n Provide for a broad range of restructuring activities.

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